by What is Arthritis?
Arthritis refers to inflammation and degeneration of joints which causes pain and reduces mobility. It generally impacts older companion animals as wear and tear damage slowly builds up in their joints over many years.
However, some dogs and cats can develop Companion Animal Arthritis even in their younger years due to inherited joint abnormalities, previous injuries or obesity putting excess pressure on joints. The most common forms of arthritis seen in pets are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis, also known as degenerative joint disease, is the most prevalent type affecting dogs and cats. In osteoarthritis, the cartilage cushioning the ends of bones gradually thins and wears away. Without this smooth gliding surface, bones begin rubbing against each other causing pain, swelling and stiffness. Over time, new bone also grows around the joint in an attempt to improve stability, resulting in joints becoming misshapen. Elbows, hips, and knees are commonly affected in larger breed dogs, while claws and hind limbs are frequent sites in cats.
Signs of Osteoarthritis
The early signs of osteoarthritis are subtle, like reluctance to jump, run or climb stairs. As the disease progresses, pets show obvious lameness, difficulty rising, squatting to pee or limping. Stiffness tends to be worse first thing in the morning or after periods of inactivity and eases a bit with gentle exercise. Physical exam reveals reduced flexibility and joint crepitus (grinding sensation). Owners also report pets spending more time resting and being aloof or grumpy due to pain.
Rheumatoid Companion Animal Arthritis
Unlike osteoarthritis which is associated with ageing, rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks the joints. It typically affects multiple joints simultaneously causing symmetrical pain and swelling. Paws, hocks and elbows are commonly involved in dogs while small joints of tail and limbs tend to be targeted in cats. The underlying cause of rheumatoid arthritis is unknown but some pets inherit a genetic predisposition.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Companion animal arthritis based on signalment, history and physical examination findings. Diagnostic tests like x-rays help determine the type and severity of arthritis. Treatment focuses on managing pain and discomfort. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a mainstay to reduce swelling and pain. Prescription diets specially formulated for arthritic pets aid joint health. Weight management plays a big role as extra pounds put more strain. Physiotherapy modalities like massage, hydrotherapy and acupuncture can improve mobility. In severe cases, joint supplements like glucosamine may provide relief. Surgery is an option for pets with torn ligaments or damaged cartilage in a single joint. Lifestyle modifications like ramps, orthopaedic beds and carrying pets also help arthritic companions remain active and pain-free.
Managing Companion Animal Arthritis at Home
While veterinary care forms the foundation of arthritis therapy, pet owners play a huge supportive role through home management. Maintaining a consistent exercise routine tailored to your pet’s abilities is essential for mobility and weight control. Keep active periods short to start and alternate with rest. Heat therapy using warm compresses, heating pads or massage offers temporary relief from stiff joints. Limiting jumping, running on hard surfaces, and carrying pets protects stressed joints. Placing rubber mats on hard floors and providing soft, orthopaedic beds allows pets to rest joints comfortably. Carefully brushing fur and regularly clipping nails prevents additional discomfort. A positive approach acknowledging small achievements and an arthritis-friendly home go a long way in managing a companion’s daily comfort level and quality of life.
A common cause of chronic pain affecting many aging dogs and cats. While it can’t be cured, appropriate medical care and supportive homecare enables arthritic pets to maintain mobility and activity for longer. An arthritis-friendly approach recognizing a pet’s abilities and needs helps maximize comfort. With advances in treatment options and lifestyle modifications, pets with arthritis can continue living happy lives with minimal discomfort for many years. Responsible pet ownership includes being committed to providing ongoing arthritis care and management for elderly companions.
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1. Source: Coherent Market Insights, Public sources, Desk research
2. We have leveraged AI tools to mine information and compile it
About Author - Priya Pandey
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