February 9, 2025

New Material Allows Windows to Switch Between Three Modes: Transparent, Heat-Blocking, and Tinted

Researchers at North Carolina State University (NCSU) have developed a new material that enables windows to switch between three different modes, according to a study published in the journal Advanced Materials. These dynamic windows have the ability to alternate between a normal transparent mode that allows in light and heat, a mode that blocks heat but remains transparent to light, and a tinted mode that blocks some light without affecting heat. This innovative solution aims to provide users with optimal comfort throughout all seasons.

The key element in this technology is tungsten oxide, a material commonly used in dynamic windows that operate through electrochromism. When an electrical signal is applied, tungsten oxide, which is normally transparent, darkens and blocks light. However, the team of researchers at NCSU discovered that by adding water to the material, it becomes tungsten oxide hydrate and gains an additional setting in electrochromic windows.

When the window is switched off, the material remains transparent to both light and heat, making it ideal for chilly winter days when maximum light and heat are desirable. By injecting a specific amount of electrons and lithium ions into the material, it goes through a phase where it blocks infrared light, while remaining transparent to visible light. Finally, as more electrons pass into the material, it transitions into a dark phase that blocks both visible and infrared light, making it perfect for hot summer days.

The exact mechanism behind the unique behavior of tungsten oxide hydrate is still not fully understood, but the researchers at NCSU have a hypothesis. The presence of water in the crystalline structure of the material increases its resistance to deformation when electrons and lithium ions are injected, according to Jenelle Fortunato, the first author of the study. This hypothesis suggests that the ability of tungsten oxide hydrate to accommodate more lithium ions without deforming allows for two different modes. The “cool” mode absorbs infrared light without affecting the material’s structure, while the “dark” mode, which occurs after a structural change, blocks both visible and infrared light.

Typically, dynamic windows with multiple modes require complex setups. However, in this case, only one material, tungsten oxide hydrate, is needed, which means the thickness of the glass and energy requirements will be similar to regular tungsten oxide windows.

Delia Milliron, co-corresponding author of the study, believes that the discovery of a single material capable of controlling both infrared and visible light may accelerate the development of commercial products with enhanced features. This breakthrough could revolutionize the smart windows industry and improve energy efficiency in buildings.

*Note:
1. Source: Coherent Market Insights, Public sources, Desk research
2. We have leveraged AI tools to mine information and compile it

Ravina
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Ravina Pandya,  Content Writer, has a strong foothold in the market research industry. She specializes in writing well-researched articles from different industries, including food and beverages, information and technology, healthcare, chemical and materials, etc. With an MBA in E-commerce, she has an expertise in SEO-optimized content that resonates with industry professionals.

Ravina Pandya

Ravina Pandya,  Content Writer, has a strong foothold in the market research industry. She specializes in writing well-researched articles from different industries, including food and beverages, information and technology, healthcare, chemical and materials, etc. With an MBA in E-commerce, she has an expertise in SEO-optimized content that resonates with industry professionals.

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