by That’s where anti-inflammatory drugs come in. These medications help reduce swelling, pain and other symptoms of inflammation. In this article, we breakdown the various types of anti-inflammatory drugs available today along with their uses, side effects and safety tips.
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
NSAIDs are the most common and widely used class of anti-inflammatory drugs. Some commonly used NSAIDs include ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Aleve), celecoxib (Celebrex) and diclofenac (Voltaren). NSAIDs work by blocking the production of prostaglandins – compounds in the body that promote inflammation and pain.
NSAIDs are effective for treating minor arthritis, muscle and joint pains, headaches, dental pain, backaches and menstrual cramps. They come in pill, gel and cream forms depending on the condition being treated. Some NSAIDs are available over-the-counter while stronger prescription versions exist for more severe pain.
However, NSAIDs also carry risks of side effects like nausea, stomach upset, bleeding and ulcers if taken long term or in high doses. They can also increase risk of heart attack and stroke in some users. Patients with kidney or liver disease need to consult their doctor before using NSAIDs. Elderly people and those on blood thinners also need to be careful.
Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids like prednisone and cortisone are very potent anti-inflammatory medications. They work by reducing chemicals in the body that cause inflammation. Corticosteroids come in pill, liquid, inhaled, topical foam and cream forms. They are very effective for treating inflammatory conditions like arthritis, lupus, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease and skin diseases.
However, corticosteroids also have significant side effects if taken long term in high doses. These include weight gain, high blood pressure, edema, facial puffiness, osteoporosis, glaucoma, cataracts, mental health issues like mood swings and psychosis. As such, these drugs require a prescription from a doctor and careful monitoring during the treatment period. Patients should not stop the medication abruptly without consulting their doctor.
Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs)
DMARDs are a special category of drugs reserved for people with chronic inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis. Drugs in this class include methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine, sulfasalazine and leflunomide. Unlike NSAIDs that only reduce symptoms, DMARDs help slow down disease progression by modifying the immune system.
DMARDs work gradually over weeks to months. Common side effects include nausea, mouth ulcers, hair loss and increased risk of infections. Blood tests are required regularly to monitor organ function while on these drugs. Though effective over long term, DMARDs may not suit everyone due to tolerability or safety issues. So close medical supervision is a must.
Biologic Response Modifiers
Biologic DMARDs or biologics are relatively new, injectable or intravenous drugs used for conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and Crohn’s disease. They target specific proteins involved in the immune system overreaction seen in these diseases. Examples include tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockers like adalimumab (Humira), etanercept (Enbrel) and certolizumab pegol (Cimzia).
Biologics are highly effective but also come with potential risks like infections, allergic reactions, nervous system disorders and certain types of cancer over long term use. They require special administration via injections/IV and regular monitoring by healthcare providers trained in their use. Biologics are usually tried after conventional DMARDs prove ineffective.
Safety Tips for Using Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
– Always consult your doctor before starting an Anti-Inflammatory Drugs , especially if you have a history of health issues.
– Do not exceed recommended doses without medical supervision as it can increase risk of side effects.
– Tell your doctor about all medicines, supplements or herbs you are taking to avoid dangerous interactions.
– Report any new symptoms or side effects promptly. Stop the medication and inform your doctor immediately if you experience severe conditions like ulcers or bleeding.
– Maintain caution if drinking alcohol while on anti-inflammatory drugs as it can worsen stomach issues.
– Consider alternative approaches like physiotherapy, exercise, dietary changes, supplements or topical creams along with medications under medical guidance.
In summary, anti-inflammatory drugs provide effective relief from various painful and debilitating inflammatory conditions when used carefully as directed. However, their potential side effects also require close supervision by healthcare professionals. Understanding the types, appropriate use, interactions and safety measures is crucial for preventing complications.
